Quiver or vector plot
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Syntax
quiver(X,Y,U,V)
quiver(U,V)
quiver(___,scale)
quiver(___,LineSpec)
quiver(___,LineSpec,'filled')
quiver(___,Name,Value)
quiver(ax,___)
q = quiver(___)
Description
example
quiver(X,Y,U,V)
plots arrows with directional components U
and V
at the Cartesian coordinates specified by X
and Y
. For example, the first arrow originates from the point X(1)
and Y(1)
, extends horizontally according to U(1)
, and extends vertically according to V(1)
. By default, the quiver
function scales the arrow lengths so that they do not overlap.
quiver(U,V)
plots arrows with directional components specified by U
and V
at equally spaced points.
If
U
andV
are vectors, then the x-coordinates of the arrows range from 1 to the number of elements inU
andV
, and the y-coordinates are all 1.If
U
andV
are matrices, then the x-coordinates of the arrows range from 1 to the number of columns inU
andV
, and the y-coordinates of the arrows range from 1 to the number of rows inU
andV
.
example
quiver(___,scale)
adjusts the length of arrows:
When
scale
is a positive number, thequiver
function automatically adjusts the lengths of arrows so they do not overlap, then stretches them by a factor ofscale
. For example, ascale
of 2 doubles the length of arrows, and ascale
of 0.5 halves the length of arrows.When
scale
is'off'
or0
, such asquiver(X,Y,U,V,'off')
, then automatic scaling is disabled.
example
quiver(___,LineSpec)
sets the line style, marker, and color. Markers appear at the points specified by X and Y. If you specify a marker using LineSpec
, then quiver
does not display arrowheads. To specify a marker and display arrowheads, set the Marker
property instead.
quiver(___,LineSpec,
fills the markers specified by 'filled'
)LineSpec
.
quiver(___,Name,Value)
specifies quiver properties using one or more name-value pair arguments. For a list of properties, see Quiver Properties. Specify name-value pair arguments after all other input arguments. Name-value pair arguments apply to all of the arrows in the quiver plot.
example
quiver(ax,___)
creates the quiver plot in the axes specified by ax
instead of the current axes (gca
). The argument ax
can precede any of the input argument combinations in the previous syntaxes.
example
q = quiver(___)
returns a Quiver
object. This object is useful for controlling the properties of the quiver plot after creating it.
Examples
collapse all
Create Quiver Plot
Open Live Script
Load sample data that represents air currents over North America. For this example, select a subset of the data.
load('wind','x','y','u','v')X = x(11:22,11:22,1);Y = y(11:22,11:22,1);U = u(11:22,11:22,1);V = v(11:22,11:22,1);
Create a quiver plot of the subset you selected. The vectors X
and Y
represent the location of the tail of each arrow, and U
and V
represent the directional components of each arrow. By default, the quiver
function shortens the arrows so they do not overlap. Call axis equal
to use equal data unit lengths along each axis. This makes the arrows point in the correct direction.
quiver(X,Y,U,V)axis equal
Disable Automatic Scaling
Open Live Script
By default, the quiver
function shortens arrows so they do not overlap. Disable automatic scaling so that arrow lengths are determined entirely by U
and V
by setting the scale
argument to 0
.
For instance, create a grid of X
and Y
values using the meshgrid
function. Specify the directional components using these values. Then, create a quiver plot with no automatic scaling.
[X,Y] = meshgrid(0:6,0:6);U = 0.25*X;V = 0.5*Y;quiver(X,Y,U,V,0)
Plot Gradient and Contours
Open Live Script
Plot the gradient and contours of the function . Use the quiver
function to plot the gradient and the contour
function to plot the contours.
First, create a grid of x- and y-values that are equally spaced. Use them to calculate z. Then, find the gradient of z by specifying the spacing between points.
spacing = 0.2;[X,Y] = meshgrid(-2:spacing:2);Z = X.*exp(-X.^2 - Y.^2);[DX,DY] = gradient(Z,spacing);
Display the gradient vectors as a quiver plot. Then, display contour lines in the same axes. Adjust the display so that the gradient vectors appear perpendicular to the contour lines by calling axis equal
.
quiver(X,Y,DX,DY)hold oncontour(X,Y,Z)axis equalhold off
Specify Arrow Color
Open Live Script
Create a quiver plot and specify a color for the arrows.
[X,Y] = meshgrid(-pi:pi/8:pi,-pi:pi/8:pi);U = sin(Y);V = cos(X);quiver(X,Y,U,V,'r')
Specify Axes for Quiver Plot
Open Live Script
Create a grid of X
and Y
values and two sets of U
and V
directional components.
[X,Y] = meshgrid(0:pi/8:pi,-pi:pi/8:pi);U1 = sin(X);V1 = cos(Y);U2 = sin(Y);V2 = cos(X);
Create a tiled layout of plots with two axes, ax1
and ax2
. Add a quiver plot and title to each axes. (Before R2019b, use subplot instead of tiledlayout
and nexttile
.)
tiledlayout(1,2)ax1 = nexttile;quiver(ax1,X,Y,U1,V1)axis equaltitle(ax1,'Left Plot')ax2 = nexttile;quiver(ax2,X,Y,U2,V2)axis equaltitle(ax2,'Right Plot')
Modify Quiver Plot After Creation
Open Live Script
Create a quiver plot and return the quiver object. Then, remove the arrowheads and add dot markers to the end of each tail.
[X,Y] = meshgrid(-pi:pi/8:pi,-pi:pi/8:pi);U = sin(Y);V = cos(X);q = quiver(X,Y,U,V);q.ShowArrowHead = 'off';q.Marker = '.';
Input Arguments
collapse all
X
— x-coordinates of arrow tails
scalar | vector | matrix
x-coordinates of the arrow tails, specified as a scalar, a vector, or a matrix.
If X
and Y are vectors and U and V are matrices, then quiver
expands X
and Y
into matrices. In this case, size(U)
and size(V)
must equal [length(Y) length(X)]
. For more information about expanding vectors into matrices, see meshgrid.
If X
and Y
are matrices, then X
, Y
, U
, and V
must be the same size.
Y
— y-coordinates of arrow tails
scalar | vector | matrix
y-coordinates of the arrows tails, specified as a scalar, a vector, or a matrix.
If X and Y
are vectors and U and V are matrices, then quiver
expands X
and Y
into matrices. In this case, size(U)
and size(V)
must equal [length(Y) length(X)]
. For more information about expanding vectors into matrices, see meshgrid.
If X
and Y
are matrices, then X
, Y
, U
, and V
must be the same size.
U
— x-components
scalar | vector | matrix
x-components of arrows, specified as a scalar, vector, or matrix.
If X and Y are vectors, then size(U)
and size(V)
must equal [length(Y) length(X)]
.
If X
and Y
are matrices, then X
, Y
, U
, and V
must be the same size.
V
— y-components
scalar | vector | matrix
y-components of arrows, specified as a scalar, vector, or matrix.
If X and Y are vectors, then size(U)
and size(V)
must equal [length(Y) length(X)]
.
If X
and Y
are matrices, then X
, Y
, U
, and V
must be the same size.
LineSpec
— Line style, marker, and color
character vector | string
Line style, marker, and color, specified as a character vector or string containing symbols. The symbols can appear in any order. You do not need to specify all three characteristics (line style, marker, and color).
If you specify a marker using LineSpec
, then quiver
does not display arrowheads. To specify a marker and display arrowheads, set the Marker
property instead.
Example: '--or'
is a red dashed line with circle markers
Line Style | Description | Resulting Line |
---|---|---|
"-" | Solid line | |
"--" | Dashed line | |
":" | Dotted line | |
"-." | Dash-dotted line |
Marker | Description | Resulting Marker |
---|---|---|
"o" | Circle | |
"+" | Plus sign | |
"*" | Asterisk | |
"." | Point | |
"x" | Cross | |
"_" | Horizontal line | |
"|" | Vertical line | |
"square" | Square | |
"diamond" | Diamond | |
"^" | Upward-pointing triangle | |
"v" | Downward-pointing triangle | |
">" | Right-pointing triangle | |
"<" | Left-pointing triangle | |
"pentagram" | Pentagram | |
"hexagram" | Hexagram |
Color Name | Short Name | RGB Triplet | Appearance |
---|---|---|---|
"red" | "r" | [1 0 0] | |
"green" | "g" | [0 1 0] | |
"blue" | "b" | [0 0 1] | |
"cyan" | "c" | [0 1 1] | |
"magenta" | "m" | [1 0 1] | |
"yellow" | "y" | [1 1 0] | |
"black" | "k" | [0 0 0] | |
"white" | "w" | [1 1 1] | |
scale
— Arrow scaling factor
nonnegative number | 'off'
Arrow scaling factor, specified as a nonnegative number or 'off'
. By default, the quiver
function automatically scales the arrows so they do not overlap. The quiver
function applies the scaling factor after it automatically scales the arrows.
Specifying scale
is the same as setting the AutoScaleFactor
property of the quiver object. For example, specifying scale
as 2
doubles the length of the arrows. Specifying scale
as 0.5
halves the length of the arrows.
To disable automatic scaling, specify scale
as 'off'
or 0
. When you specify either of these values, the AutoScale
property of the quiver object is set to 'off'
and the length of the arrow is determined entirely by U and V.
ax
— Target axes
Axes
object
Target axes, specified as an Axes
object. If you do not specify the axes, then the quiver
function uses the current axes.
Name-Value Arguments
Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN
, where Name
is the argument name and Value
is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.
Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name
in quotes.
Example: 'Color','r','LineWidth',1
Note
The properties listed here are only a subset. For a complete list, see Quiver Properties.
LineWidth
— Width of arrow stem and head
0.5
(default) | scalar numeric value
Width of arrow stem and head, specified as a scalar numeric value greater than zero in point units. One point equals 1/72
inch. The default value is 0.5
point.
Example: 0.75
ShowArrowHead
— Arrowhead display
'on'
(default) | on/off logical value
Arrowhead display, specified as 'on'
or 'off'
, or as numeric or logical 1
(true
) or 0
(false
). A value of 'on'
is equivalent to true
, and 'off'
is equivalent to false
. Thus, you can use the value of this property as a logical value. The value is stored as an on/off logical value of type matlab.lang.OnOffSwitchState.
'on'
— Display the vectors with arrowheads.'off'
— Display the vectors without arrowheads.
AutoScale
— Use automatic scale factor
'on'
(default) | on/off logical value
Use the automatic scale factor to adjust arrow length, specified as 'on'
or 'off'
, or as numeric or logical 1
(true
) or 0
(false
). A value of 'on'
is equivalent to true
, and 'off'
is equivalent to false
. Thus, you can use the value of this property as a logical value. The value is stored as an on/off logical value of type matlab.lang.OnOffSwitchState.
'on'
— Use the AutoScaleFactor value as a secondary multiplier to scale the arrow lengths to fit within the grid-defined coordinate data and scale arrows so that they do not overlap.'off'
— Do not scale the arrow lengths.
AutoScaleFactor
— Automatic scale factor
0.9
(default) | scalar
Automatic scale factor, specified as a scalar. The automatic scale factor is a multiplier that adjusts the magnitudes of the arrows if the AutoScale property is "on"
. For example, a value of 2
doubles the length of the arrows, and a value of 0.5
halves the length of the arrows.
Note
This property has no effect if the
AutoScale
property is set to"off"
.Adjusting the
AutoScaleFactor
property updates theScaleFactor
property.
Tips
To create a quiver plot using polar coordinates, first convert them to Cartesian coordinates using the pol2cart function.
Extended Capabilities
GPU Arrays
Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.
Usage notes and limitations:
This function accepts GPU arrays, but does not run on a GPU.
For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
Distributed Arrays
Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.
Usage notes and limitations:
This function operates on distributed arrays, but executes in the client MATLAB®.
For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions with Distributed Arrays (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
Version History
Introduced before R2006a
See Also
Functions
- contour | quiver3 | meshgrid
Properties
- Quiver Properties
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